错误。

最低工资制-&rt;导致失业，这是opinion

​

“苹果掉在地上”：这是fact，具有排他性和唯一性，即这是observation，没有任何人能够否认的事实

“苹果掉在地上，是因为万有引力”：这是opinion，这只是一个theory（牛顿力学，一个working theory），我也可以说苹果掉在地上是因为时空弯曲（相对论）。

​

1970年代实行了最低工资制，这是fact

黑人失业率上升，这也是fact

最低工资制导致失业率上升，这是opinion，你需要论据论证你的opinion，我也可以说是1970年代紧缩的货币政策导致的失业率上升

​

你说的”最低工资不好“是价值判断，我们不是在说【事实判断】vs【价值判断】

今天就较真一下

我专门查了一下你提的

minimum wage 1960-1970 on unemployment rate:

https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/elloraderenoncourt/files/montialoux_jmp_2018.pdf

哈佛大学做的量化研究

给你摘抄一下abstract：

The earnings difference between black and white workers fell dramatically in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s. This paper shows that the extension of the minimum wage played a critical role in this decline. The 1966 Fair Labor Standards Act extended federal minimum wage coverage to agriculture, restaurants, nursing homes, and other services which were previously uncovered and where nearly a third of black workers were employed. We digitize over 1,000 hourly wage distributions from Bureau of Labor Statistics industry wage reports and use CPS micro-data to investigate the effects of this reform on wages, employment, and racial inequality. Using a cross-industry difference-in-differences design, we show that wages rose sharply for workers in the newly covered industries. The impact was nearly twice as large for black workers as for white. Within treated industries, the racial gap adjusted for observables fell from 25 log points pre-reform to zero afterwards. Using a bunching design, we find no effect of the reform on employment. We can rule out significant dis-employment effects for black workers. The 1966 extension of the minimum wage can explain more than 20% of the reduction in the racial earnings and income gap during the Civil Rights Era. Our findings shed new light on the dynamics of labor market inequality in the United States and suggest that minimum wage policy can play a critical role in reducing racial economic disparities.

​

总结与点评：

1. The 1966 Fair Labor Standards Act： we show that wages rose sharply for workers in the newly covered industries. The impact was nearly twice as large for black workers as for white. Minimum wage 法案有利于黑人。 OP说的观点错误❌
2. Using a bunching design, we find no effect of the reform on employment. We can rule out significant dis-employment effects for black workers.

法案没有对黑人就业率产生直接负面影响，你的观点错误❌

1. The 1966 extension of the minimum wage can explain more than20% of the reduction in the racial earnings and income gap during the Civil Rights Era.

法案减少了黑人和白人的income gap，有利于黑人，OP的观点错误❌

​

我给出了你的opinion错误的论据【量化研究】，你服了吗？

好的，👌我晚上把链接发一下

简单找了几个reliable Journal Article和leture：

1.Pareto-Improving Social Security Reform when Financial Markets Are Incomplete!?， Dirk Krueger and Felix Kubler， The American Economic Review， 2006

"The current U.S. pay-as-you go (PAYGO) social security system provides a Pareto-improving policy reform (that is, provides welfare improvement for all generations then alive and for generations to be born into all future states of the world). （compared to great depression)

点评：important peer reviewed journal article，实行social security system提供了帕累托改进，纠正了市场失灵（Pareto inefficient）

2.Reflections on the Economics of the Historic Great Depression of 1929， Ahmet Kara， Journal of Economic and Social Research 2 (1) 2000, 99-102

The general equilibrium theory describes a state of the economy in which all agents maximize utility subject to constraints, firms maximize profit, all markets (including labor markets) clear, and the atomistic interaction of self-interested individuals in markets leads to a Pareto optimal (efficient) allocation of resources. The phenomena associated with the Great Depressionmassive unemployment, negative growth, etc.render the general equilibrium description of the economy problematic, casting doubt on the practical value of some of the efforts of general equilibrium theorists to explain modern capitalist economies.

点评：peer reviewed journal article， in literature review section（也就是说基本是常识）在great depression中市场并不能达到Pareto optimal（市场不是总是efficient的）

3.http://people.tamu.edu/\~b-wood/GovtEcon/Lecture%20Regulation%20Part%202.pptx

TAMU经济系的课件， page25，这可以算是基础知识了吧

Competitive markets which operate on the basis of greed generally provide more efficient solutions.

However, not always. Sometimes greed can run rampant resulting in distortions such as the Great Depression when everyone was made worse off by miscreant behaviors. Consider also the financial crisis of 2008.

Government intervention in markets generally lowers efficiency relative to competitive markets.

However, not always if there are market imperfections. We will talk about what these are later.

Governmental allocation in a democracy will usually provide more equitable allocations, but at a cost of efficiency. This is because governments place a higher value on equity and community than markets, which rely on greed.